Discussing agriculture technology as a Smart agricultural system – HeadNG
Agriculture is the oldest sector of the US economy. For most people living in the developing countries such as in Africa and South Asia, agriculture is the major employment source.
Today, agriculture industry faces a number of great challenges in an attempt to feed the 9.6 billion people that the UN Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) predicts are going to be living on earth by the year 2050.
These challenges include increasing cost of farming; farmlands have been replaced by factories or houses due to urbanization and population explosion; stress on water resources due to chemical pollution; food wastage due to consumers wasting food; complying to government regulations adds to unreasonable costs; farms are becoming more like factories: tightly controlled operations for turning out reliable products; and agriculture causes more than one fifth of the global emission of greenhouse gases.
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The impact of climate change occurs at the regional, national, and global scales. Climate change affects crop product and hinders agricultural growth in several parts of the world. It affects rainfall. It also poses a threat to livestock production. It calls for collective action. National governments and corporate sectors can provide coordinated approaches to climate change, integrated risk management, agricultural, and food security policies.
Smart agriculture system can be described as the use of different advanced technologies toward in the agriculture domain. It is variably regarded as smart farming, high-tech farming, precision agriculture, or smart-climate agriculture (SCA). It represents the combined application of ICT solutions such as precision equipment, and the IoT. IoT and smart devices are helping farmers to remotely monitor equipment, crops, and livestock. This is leading to what is called a Third Green Revolution.
SCA avoids the lose–lose situation by integrating climate change in agriculture strategies. The term was coined by the UN FAO in 2010. SCA promises to transform agricultural systems that will decrease global food insecurity and reduce poverty. SCA practices can raise farm productivity while mitigating climate change. By promoting new methods and technologies, SCA helps farmers to manage their resources, boost their profits, and reduce agriculture’s contribution to climate change. Even small-scale farmers in developing nations can achieve success and increase farm production by adopting SCA technologies.
Productivity (or food security), adaptation, and mitigation are the three interrelated pillars for achieving SCA. SCA plans to increase agricultural productivity without making a negative impact on the environment. It aims to build farmers’ capacity to adapt and prospect in the face of odds. It helps to reduce greenhouse emissions. It facilitates climate-change adaptation for farmers.
In contrast to traditional agriculture, SCA integrates climate change and agricultural development. SCA may involve a wide range of technological innovations, water management, and agro-forestry. Adopting it at farm scale may be influenced by institutional mechanisms, landscape governance, socioeconomic factors, and climate conditions. To achieve climate-change objectives, agricultural systems must become climate-smart landscapes. This involves integrating agricultural landscape management with adaptation and mitigation.
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